Abstract:
This study conducts a comparative analysis of entrepreneurship in Palestine, Jordan, and Egypt,
focusing on the agriculture, handicrafts, and tourism. In the context of a dynamic Middle Eastern
entrepreneurial landscape, characterized by unique political, social, and economic dynamics, this
research aims to uncover the challenges and opportunities encountered by early-stage
entrepreneurs. Utilizing in-depth interviews, country profiles, and secondary data sources, the study
explores the motivations, trajectories, funding sources, and sustainability of ventures in these sectors.
It also investigates the role of policy frameworks, institutions, networks, and market dynamics. Our
analysis highlights that entrepreneurial success in Palestine, Jordan, and Egypt is shaped by the
complex interplay of resources, institutional frameworks, social capital, and ecosystem maturity. While resource constraints and institutional barriers are common challenges, the role of social capital
becomes critical in navigating these gaps, particularly in weaker institutional contexts. However, each
ecosystem has unique dynamics shaped by political, economic, and cultural contexts, underscoring
the need for tailored policy interventions to foster entrepreneurship and economic resilience. Policy
implications include the need for tailored entrepreneurship support programs that address sector specific needs, enhance access to finance, foster cross-border collaboration, and strengthen
institutional frameworks to create more enabling environments for youth and women entrepreneurs.
Addressing these issues through targeted policy interventions, improved business support services,
and inclusive entrepreneurship programs is essential for fostering sustainable growth and unlocking
the full potential of youth-led ventures in these diverse ecosystems.